Tick-borne encephalitis: Vaccination recommended in endemic areas
What is tick-borne encephalitis?
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infection of the central nervous system that is transmitted by the bite of an infected tick. The virus is found in Europe, Asia, and parts of the Middle East.
TBE can cause a range of symptoms, from mild flu-like symptoms to severe neurological problems, including encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) and meningitis (inflammation of the membranes that line the brain and spinal cord).
Who is at risk for TBE?
Anyone who spends time in areas where TBE is endemic is at risk of infection. This includes people who live in or travel to these areas, as well as outdoor workers, such as farmers, foresters, and hikers.
What are the symptoms of TBE?
The symptoms of TBE can vary depending on the severity of the infection. Mild cases may only cause flu-like symptoms, such as:
- Fever
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Nausea
- Vomiting
More severe cases of TBE can cause neurological problems, such as:
- Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)
- Meningitis (inflammation of the membranes that line the brain and spinal cord)
- Paralysis
- Coma
How is TBE diagnosed?
TBE is diagnosed based on symptoms and a blood test that can detect antibodies to the virus.
How is TBE treated?
There is no specific treatment for TBE. Treatment is supportive and may include:
- Rest
- Pain medication
- Anti-inflammatory medication
- Intravenous fluids
How can TBE be prevented?
The best way to prevent TBE is to avoid tick bites. This can be done by:
- Wearing long sleeves and pants when in areas where ticks are present
- Using insect repellent containing DEET or picaridin
- Checking for ticks after spending time outdoors
- Removing ticks promptly and properly
There is also a vaccine available for TBE. The vaccine is recommended for people who live in or travel to endemic areas.
What is the prognosis for TBE?
The prognosis for TBE varies depending on the severity of the infection. Mild cases usually recover completely within a few weeks. More severe cases may result in permanent neurological damage or death.
